In organizational behavior, a group is defined as two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent, with the common goal of achieving specific objectives. Groups can be classified into two primary types: formal and informal.
Key Facts
- Types of Groups:
- Formal Groups: These are designated work groups defined by the organization’s structure, with assigned tasks and work assignments. They can be relatively permanent and have a single supervisor.
- Informal Groups: These groups are not organizationally determined and are formed by members themselves in response to social needs. They exist outside the formal hierarchy of an organization and can provide support, motivation, and informal training to their members.
- Sub-classifications of Groups:
- Command Group: A formal group determined by the organization’s hierarchical chart, consisting of individuals who report to a particular manager.
- Task Group: A formal group brought together to complete a specific task, which may include individuals reporting to different supervisors.
- Interest Group: Usually informal, this group consists of individuals who come together to achieve a specific objective that concerns each member.
- Friendship Group: These groups form based on shared ideals, interests, or similarities such as age or ethnic background.
- Reasons for Joining Groups:
- Affiliation and social needs: People join groups to fulfill their social needs and establish connections with others.
- Sense of security and status: Groups can provide individuals with a sense of security and status within the organization.
- Pooling talents and knowledge: Groups can make it easier to achieve goals by combining the talents and knowledge of multiple individuals.
- Power and influence: The size of a group can provide the power and influence needed to accomplish certain goals.
Formal Groups
Formal groups are designated work groups defined by the organization’s structure, with assigned tasks and work assignments. They are relatively permanent and have a single supervisor. Examples of formal groups include departments, teams, and committees.
Informal Groups
Informal groups are not organizationally determined and are formed by members themselves in response to social needs. They exist outside the formal hierarchy of an organization and can provide support, motivation, and informal training to their members. Examples of informal groups include friendship groups, interest groups, and social groups.
Sub-classifications of Groups
Within the categories of formal and informal groups, there are further sub-classifications:
Command Group
A command group is a formal group determined by the organization’s hierarchical chart, consisting of individuals who report to a particular manager.
Task Group
A task group is a formal group brought together to complete a specific task, which may include individuals reporting to different supervisors.
Interest Group
An interest group is usually informal and consists of individuals who come together to achieve a specific objective that concerns each member.
Friendship Group
Friendship groups form based on shared ideals, interests, or similarities such as age or ethnic background.
Reasons for Joining Groups
People join groups for various reasons, including:
Affiliation and Social Needs
People join groups to fulfill their social needs and establish connections with others.
Sense of Security and Status
Groups can provide individuals with a sense of security and status within the organization.
Pooling Talents and Knowledge
Groups can make it easier to achieve goals by combining the talents and knowledge of multiple individuals.
Power and Influence
The size of a group can provide the power and influence needed to accomplish certain goals.
Conclusion
Groups are an integral part of organizational behavior and can significantly impact employee motivation, performance, and job satisfaction. Understanding the different types of groups and the reasons why people join them can help managers and leaders effectively manage group dynamics and foster a positive work environment.
References
- Organizational Behavior, 17e by Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge
- Types of Groups | Organizational Behavior and Human Relations
- 9.1 Work Groups: Basic Considerations – Organizational Behavior | OpenStax
FAQs
What is a group in organizational behavior?
In organizational behavior, a group is defined as two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent, with the common goal of achieving specific objectives.
What are the two main types of groups in organizational behavior?
The two main types of groups in organizational behavior are formal groups and informal groups.
What are some examples of formal groups?
Examples of formal groups include departments, teams, and committees.
What are some examples of informal groups?
Examples of informal groups include friendship groups, interest groups, and social groups.
Why do people join groups?
People join groups for various reasons, including affiliation and social needs, a sense of security and status, pooling talents and knowledge, and power and influence.
How can groups impact employee motivation, performance, and job satisfaction?
Groups can significantly impact employee motivation, performance, and job satisfaction by providing a sense of belonging, shared goals, and opportunities for collaboration and support.
What are some challenges associated with managing groups in organizations?
Some challenges associated with managing groups in organizations include managing group dynamics, resolving conflicts, and fostering effective communication and collaboration among group members.
What are some strategies for managing groups effectively in organizations?
Strategies for managing groups effectively in organizations include setting clear goals and expectations, promoting open communication, encouraging collaboration, and providing support and resources to group members.