The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model is a framework used in occupational therapy to guide assessment, intervention, and evaluation of client-centered care. It was developed in 1985 by Baum and Christiansen during a time when the reductionistic paradigm was dominant in healthcare. The PEOP model emerged in response to the need for more occupation-focused models that considered the whole person and their environment.
Key Facts
- Development Date: The PEOP model was developed in 1985.
- Purpose: The model was developed to provide a framework for occupational therapy assessment, intervention, and evaluation of client-centered care.
- Response to Paradigm Shift: The PEOP model was developed in response to a need for more occupation-focused models during the reductionistic paradigm.
- Holistic Approach: The PEOP model utilizes a top-down, holistic approach in evaluating a client’s current situation, considering how environmental factors affect their daily activities or occupations.
- Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors: The model groups environmental factors into intrinsic (physiological, cognitive, spiritual, neurobehavioral, psychological) and extrinsic (social support, culture & values, social & economic systems, built environment & technology, natural environment) factors.
- Biopsychosocial Approach: The PEOP model takes into account the emotional, physical, and social factors that may influence a person’s occupational performance, emphasizing the importance of the entire person during intervention.
- Application: The PEOP model can be applied in various occupational therapy settings, from pediatrics to older adults.
- Collaboration and Goal Setting: The model values collaboration with the client and involves them in active and collaborative goal setting and planning.
Holistic Approach of the PEOP Model
The PEOP model utilizes a top-down, holistic approach in evaluating a client’s situation. It examines how environmental factors affect an individual’s daily activities or occupations, considering both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Intrinsic Factors
Intrinsic factors include physiological (e.g., strength, flexibility, sleep), cognitive (e.g., memory, reasoning), spiritual, neurobehavioral (e.g., motor control, sensory input), and psychological (e.g., self-esteem, motivation) aspects of the individual.
Extrinsic Factors
Extrinsic factors encompass social support, cultural and societal influences, social and economic systems, the built environment (e.g., buildings, tools), and the natural environment (e.g., climate, terrain).
Biopsychosocial Approach of the PEOP Model
The PEOP model takes a biopsychosocial approach, considering the emotional, physical, and social factors that influence occupational performance. It emphasizes the importance of considering the whole person during intervention, rather than focusing solely on their deficits.
Application of the PEOP Model
The PEOP model is applicable in various occupational therapy settings, from pediatrics to older adults. It guides occupational therapists in conducting thorough client assessments, establishing short- and long-term goals, and developing individualized intervention plans. The model emphasizes collaboration with the client and involves them in active and collaborative goal setting and planning.
Conclusion
The PEOP model is a valuable framework for occupational therapy practice. It provides a holistic and client-centered approach to assessment, intervention, and evaluation, considering both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence occupational performance. The model’s biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of considering the whole person during intervention. The PEOP model is widely used in occupational therapy practice and continues to guide occupational therapists in providing effective and client-centered care.
FAQs
When was the PEOP model developed?
The PEOP model was developed in 1985.
Why was the PEOP model developed?
The PEOP model was developed in response to the need for more occupation-focused models during the reductionistic paradigm, which emphasized a narrow focus on pathology and disease.
What is the purpose of the PEOP model?
The purpose of the PEOP model is to provide a framework for occupational therapy assessment, intervention, and evaluation of client-centered care.
What is the main concept of the PEOP model?
The main concept of the PEOP model is that occupational performance is influenced by the interaction between the person, the environment, and the occupation.
What are the intrinsic factors considered in the PEOP model?
Intrinsic factors in the PEOP model include physiological, cognitive, spiritual, neurobehavioral, and psychological aspects of the individual.
What are the extrinsic factors considered in the PEOP model?
Extrinsic factors in the PEOP model encompass social support, cultural and societal influences, social and economic systems, the built environment, and the natural environment.
How does the PEOP model approach occupational performance?
The PEOP model takes a biopsychosocial approach to occupational performance, considering the emotional, physical, and social factors that influence an individual’s ability to engage in meaningful occupations.
How is the PEOP model used in occupational therapy practice?
The PEOP model is used in occupational therapy practice to guide assessment, intervention, and evaluation of client-centered care. It helps occupational therapists to consider the whole person and their environment when developing individualized intervention plans.