The Civil Justice System in the United Kingdom
The civil justice system in the United Kingdom is responsible for resolving disputes between individuals, businesses, and organizations. It is distinct from the criminal justice system, which deals with offenses against the state.
Court Structure
Civil cases in England and Wales are primarily dealt with in the County Court. However, more substantial or complex cases may begin in the High Court. The High Court is divided into three divisions: the Chancery Division, the King’s Bench Division, and the Family Division. Each division has specific areas of jurisdiction.
Key Facts
- Court Structure:
- Civil cases in England and Wales are primarily dealt with in the County Court, while more substantial or complex cases may begin in the High Court.
- The civil court system includes different case-management tracks: small claim track, fast track, and multi-track.
- Types of Civil Cases:
- Civil cases typically involve matters such as debt, repossession of property, personal injury, return of goods, and insolvency.
- Family matters and failure to pay council tax are not considered civil cases.
- Open Court:
- Almost all civil cases should be held in open court, allowing the public to attend.
The civil court system also includes different case-management tracks:
- Small claim trackCases with a value of up to £10,000 are typically allocated to the small claim track.
- Fast trackCases with a value between £10,000 and £25,000 are typically allocated to the fast track.
- Multi-trackCases with a value exceeding £25,000 are typically allocated to the multi-track.
Types of Civil Cases
Civil cases typically involve matters such as:
- Debt
- Repossession of property
- Personal injury
- Return of goods
- Insolvency
Family matters and failure to pay council tax are not considered civil cases.
Open Court
Almost all civil cases should be held in open court, allowing the public to attend. This principle of open justice ensures transparency and accountability in the legal process.
Sources
- Civil Jurisdiction – Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
- [Structure of civil courts, tribunals and criminal courts in England – Shelter England](https://england.shelter.org.uk/professional_resources/legal/court_action_and_complaints/structure_of_civil_courts_tribunals_and_criminal_courts_.
- Civil courts – Courts data – Justice Data
FAQs
What is the civil justice system?
The civil justice system is responsible for resolving disputes between individuals, businesses, and organizations.
What types of cases does the civil justice system handle?
Civil cases typically involve matters such as debt, repossession of property, personal injury, return of goods, and insolvency.
What is the difference between the civil and criminal justice systems?
The civil justice system deals with disputes between individuals, businesses, and organizations, while the criminal justice system deals with offenses against the state.
What is the structure of the civil court system?
The civil court system in England and Wales consists of the County Court and the High Court. The High Court is divided into three divisions: the Chancery Division, the King’s Bench Division, and the Family Division.
What are the different case-management tracks in the civil court system?
The civil court system has three case-management tracks: the small claim track, the fast track, and the multi-track. Cases are allocated to a track based on their value and complexity.
Are civil court hearings open to the public?
Yes, almost all civil court hearings are held in open court, allowing the public to attend.
How can I get legal help with a civil case?
You can get legal help from a solicitor or barrister. You may also be eligible for legal aid, which is government funding to help with the cost of legal advice and representation.