Primitive subsistence farming is a traditional agricultural practice where small patches of land are cleared and cultivated using basic tools like hoes, daos, and digging sticks. It heavily relies on the natural fertility of the soil, monsoon rainfall patterns, and the availability of suitable environmental conditions for the crops grown. This type of farming is commonly practiced in regions with limited access to modern agricultural inputs and technologies.
Key Facts
- Definition: Primitive subsistence farming is a type of farming where small patches of land are cleared and used for cultivation. It relies on natural fertility of the soil, monsoon rainfall, and simple tools like hoe, dao, and digging sticks.
- Clearing and Burning: In primitive subsistence farming, a patch of land is cleared by cutting down trees and vegetation, which is then set on fire. The ashes from the burned vegetation are mixed with the soil to provide some nutrients for the crops.
- Crop Rotation: After a few years of cultivation, when the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift to a new patch of land and clear it for cultivation. This allows the abandoned land to naturally replenish its fertility over time through natural processes.
- Low Productivity: Since primitive subsistence farming does not involve the use of fertilizers or modern inputs, the land productivity is generally low. Farmers rely on the natural fertility of the soil and the suitability of environmental conditions for the crops grown.
- Names and Regions: Primitive subsistence farming is known by different names in different parts of the country. For example, it is called jhumming in the northeastern states, pamlou in Manipur, podu in Andhra Pradesh, and kumari in the Western Ghats.
Clearing and Burning
In primitive subsistence farming, a selected patch of land is cleared for cultivation by cutting down trees and vegetation. The cleared vegetation is then burned, and the ashes are mixed with the soil to provide some essential nutrients for the crops. This practice is known as “slash and burn” agriculture.
Crop Rotation
Primitive subsistence farming involves a system of crop rotation. After a few years of cultivation, when the soil fertility decreases and the land becomes less productive, the farmers shift to a new patch of land and clear it for cultivation. This allows the abandoned land to naturally replenish its fertility over time through natural processes, such as the decomposition of organic matter and the restoration of soil nutrients.
Low Productivity
Primitive subsistence farming typically has low productivity due to the limited use of fertilizers and modern agricultural inputs. Farmers rely on the natural fertility of the soil and the suitability of environmental conditions for the crops grown. The lack of advanced farming techniques and technologies further contributes to the low productivity levels.
Regional Names and Variations
Primitive subsistence farming is known by various names in different parts of the world. In India, it is commonly referred to as jhumming in the northeastern states, pamlou in Manipur, podu in Andhra Pradesh, and kumari in the Western Ghats. Each region has its unique variations and practices associated with this type of farming.
Conclusion
Primitive subsistence farming is a traditional agricultural practice that involves clearing small patches of land, using basic tools, and relying on natural soil fertility and environmental conditions for crop cultivation. It is characterized by low productivity and the practice of shifting cultivation to maintain soil fertility. While this type of farming has been practiced for centuries, it is gradually being replaced by more modern and sustainable agricultural methods in many regions.
Sources
- Primitive Subsistence Agriculture – Byju’s
- Types Of Farming In India of Agriculture – Physics Wallah
- CBSE Notes Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4-Agriculture – Infinity Learn
FAQs
What is primitive subsistence farming?
Primitive subsistence farming is a type of agriculture where small patches of land are cleared and cultivated using basic tools. It relies on natural soil fertility, monsoon rainfall, and simple tools like hoes, daos, and digging sticks.
How is land cleared in primitive subsistence farming?
In primitive subsistence farming, land is cleared for cultivation by cutting down trees and vegetation, which is then burned. The ashes from the burned vegetation are mixed with the soil to provide some nutrients for the crops.
What is crop rotation in primitive subsistence farming?
Crop rotation is a practice in primitive subsistence farming where farmers shift to a new patch of land after a few years of cultivation to allow the abandoned land to naturally replenish its fertility.
Why is productivity low in primitive subsistence farming?
Productivity in primitive subsistence farming is generally low due to the limited use of fertilizers and modern agricultural inputs. Farmers rely on the natural fertility of the soil and the suitability of environmental conditions for the crops grown.
What are some regional names for primitive subsistence farming in India?
Primitive subsistence farming is known by different names in different parts of India. For example, it is called jhumming in the northeastern states, pamlou in Manipur, podu in Andhra Pradesh, and kumari in the Western Ghats.
What are the challenges faced by primitive subsistence farmers?
Primitive subsistence farmers face several challenges, including limited access to land, lack of modern agricultural inputs and technologies, unpredictable weather patterns, and the need to constantly shift cultivation to maintain soil fertility.
How does primitive subsistence farming impact the environment?
Primitive subsistence farming can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. On the positive side, it can help maintain biodiversity and prevent soil erosion. However, it can also lead to deforestation, loss of habitat for wildlife, and soil degradation if not practiced sustainably.
Is primitive subsistence farming still practiced today?
Primitive subsistence farming is still practiced in some parts of the world, particularly in remote and underdeveloped regions. However, it is gradually being replaced by more modern and sustainable agricultural methods in many areas.