Jade is a broad term used to describe two distinct minerals: jadeite and nephrite. These two minerals share similar characteristics, such as their toughness and resistance to wear, but they differ in their chemical composition, hardness, and origin.
Key Facts
- Nephrite jade is the more common of the two types.
- It is typically a softer and more porous stone.
- Nephrite jade can be found in a variety of colors, but green is the most popular.
Jadeite Jade:
- Jadeite is the other type of jade.
- It varies in color from white or near-colorless to shades of green, lavender, yellow, orange, brown, and black.
- The vivid white to green variety of jadeite is known as “fei cui” or kingfisher jade.
- Jadeite became popular in China after 1800 and was favored by the Qing Dynasty’s aristocracy.
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite jade, the more common type of jade, is composed of a microcrystalline interlocking matrix of the calcium, magnesium-iron rich amphibole mineral series tremolite (calcium-magnesium)-ferroactinolite (calcium-magnesium-iron). The higher the iron content, the greener the color. Nephrite jade is typically softer and more porous than jadeite and can be found in a variety of colors, including green, white, yellow, and black. It is commonly used for carving and is often associated with traditional Chinese culture.
Jadeite Jade
Jadeite jade, the rarer and more valuable type of jade, is a sodium- and aluminum-rich pyroxene. It occurs in metamorphic rocks and is harder and denser than nephrite. Jadeite exhibits a wider range of colors, including white or near-colorless, shades of green, lavender, yellow, orange, brown, and black. The most prized variety of jadeite is the vivid white to green variety known as “fei cui” or kingfisher jade. Jadeite became popular in China after 1800 and was favored by the Qing Dynasty’s aristocracy.
Distinguishing Between Jadeite and Nephrite
While both jadeite and nephrite are commonly referred to as “jade,” there are several key differences between the two minerals. Nephrite is typically softer and more porous than jadeite, making it more susceptible to scratching and damage. Jadeite, on the other hand, is harder and denser, making it more durable and resistant to wear. Additionally, jadeite exhibits a wider range of colors, including the highly prized emerald green variety, while nephrite is typically found in shades of green, white, yellow, and black.
Conclusion
Jade, encompassing both jadeite and nephrite, is a versatile and captivating gemstone with a rich history and cultural significance. Its beauty and durability have made it a popular choice for jewelry, carvings, and other decorative objects. Whether it is the deep green of nephrite or the vibrant hues of jadeite, jade continues to captivate and inspire people worldwide.
FAQs
What are the two main types of jade?
The two main types of jade are jadeite and nephrite.
How can I distinguish between jadeite and nephrite?
Jadeite is typically harder and denser than nephrite, and it exhibits a wider range of colors, including the highly prized emerald green variety. Nephrite is typically softer and more porous, and it is commonly found in shades of green, white, yellow, and black.
Which type of jade is more valuable?
Jadeite is generally considered to be more valuable than nephrite due to its rarity, hardness, and wider range of colors.
Where are jadeite and nephrite found?
Jadeite is primarily found in Myanmar (Burma), Guatemala, and the United States. Nephrite is found in a wider range of locations, including Taiwan, New Zealand, Canada, China, the United States, and Russia.
What are some of the uses of jade?
Jade is commonly used for jewelry, carvings, and other decorative objects. It is also believed to possess metaphysical properties, such as promoting abundance, longevity, and detoxification.
How can I care for my jade jewelry or carvings?
Jade is a relatively durable gemstone, but it can be scratched or damaged if not properly cared for. It is recommended to clean jade with a soft cloth and mild detergent, and to avoid exposing it to harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures.
Is jade a sustainable gemstone?
The sustainability of jade depends on the mining practices used to extract it. Some jade mining operations may cause environmental damage or social issues. It is important to choose jade that has been ethically sourced and mined using sustainable practices.
Where can I learn more about jade?
There are many resources available to learn more about jade, including books, websites, and museums. You can also consult with a gemologist or jeweler who specializes in jade to learn more about its properties and value.