Reforma Financeira

Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act, law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1909 in response to a call from Republican Pres. William Howard Taft for lower tariffs. His acceptance of a bill that failed to significantly decrease rates caused him to lose the support of the progressive wing of his party. Que…

Hamilton believed that Article I Section 8 of the Constitution, permitting the Congress to make laws that are necessary and proper for the government, empowered lawmakers to create a national bank. Pensa que a Constituição dá a Hamilton o poder de criar um banco nacional Porquê ou porque não? A…

subsidy, a direct or indirect payment, economic concession, or privilege granted by a government to private firms, households, or other governmental units in order to promote a public objective. O que se entende por subsídio em economia? Um subsídio é um pagamento directo ou indirecto a indivíduos ou empresas, geralmente…

The world systems theoryworld systems theoryWorld-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective) is a multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis. Porque é que a teoria de…

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented and enforced to prevent all members of a specific ethnic or national group from immigrating. It also marks the beginning of immigration regulation. Qual foi o ponto principal da…

Chinese immigration to the United States has consisted of two waves, the first arriving in the mid-1800s and the second from the late 1970s to the present. The population has grown more than six-fold since 1980, reaching 2.3 million in 2016, or 5 percent of the approximately 44 million immigrant…

The government tries to combat market inequities through regulation, taxation, and subsidies. Governments may also intervene in markets to promote general economic fairness. Maximizing social welfare is one of the most common and best understood reasons for government intervention. Quais são as três principais razões para as intervenções governamentais? Reasons…

They improved the lives of individuals and communities. Regulations that progressive groups helped to enact still shape government and commerce today, including food safety requirements, child labor laws, and the normalization of the eight-hour workday. Que sucessos obteve o movimento progressivo? A Décima Sexta Emenda estabeleceu um imposto de renda…

Because of their primitive nature, traditional economies are easily sustainable. Due to their relatively small output of goods, they suffer from far less waste compared to the other three systems. Porque é que as economias tradicionais são consideradas como primitivas e subdesenvolvidas? As economias tradicionais estão menos desenvolvidas – seguem…

Os subsídios são comércio livre? Ao abrigo de uma política de comércio livre, bens e serviços podem ser comprados e vendidos através de fronteiras internacionais com poucas ou nenhumas tarifas governamentais, quotas, subsídios, ou proibições para inibir a sua troca. Como é que os subsídios afectam o comércio? Outro obstáculo…

A socialist economy is a system of production where goods and services are produced directly for use, in contrast to a capitalist economic system, where goods and services are produced to generate profit (and therefore indirectly for use). O que acontece num país socialista? Um país socialista é um Estado…

Actually, the United States already was in the first stages of what historians came to call the Progressive movement. Generally speaking, progressivism was the response of various groups to problems raised by the rapid industrialization and urbanization that followed the Civil War. Porque começou a Era Progressiva? O movimento Progressivo…

It has grown at a phenomenal pace since then. With an average annual growth rate of 6.7% since 2012, China has seen one of the fastest sustained expansions for a major economy in history. In 2021, its GDP hit nearly $18 trillion, constituting 18.4% of the global economy, according to…

A republic was formally established on 1 January 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution, which itself began with the Wuchang uprising on 10 October 1911, successfully overthrowing the Qing dynasty and ending over two thousand years of imperial rule in China. Quando e quem estabeleceu a República da China? A 1…

Como são diferentes os 3 tipos de sistemas económicos? Os sistemas tradicionais concentram-se no básico dos bens, serviços e trabalho, e são influenciados pelas tradições e crenças. Uma autoridade centralizada influencia os sistemas de comando, enquanto que um sistema de mercado está sob o controlo das forças da procura e…

social market economysocial market economy, often referred to as an East Asian model. It is the third-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). O Japão é uma economia de comando ou de mercado? Os Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, e Japão são todos exemplos…

Populist Party platform for the 1892 election (running for president-James Weaver, vice president-James Field) in which they called for free coinage of silver and paper money; national income tax; direct election of senators; regulation of railroads; and other government reforms to help farmers. O que era a plataforma populista? As…

Multilateral platforms. An MLP is a payment system intended for payments between payers and payees in different jurisdictions. 3 Participants are typically located in several countries. O que é a transacção multilateral? Uma troca multilateral é uma transacção, ou fórum de transacções, que envolve mais de duas partes. Por exemplo,…

Voluntary exchange is the act of buyers and sellers freely and willingly engaging in market transactions. Porque é que a troca nos mercados de mercadorias é voluntária? As pessoas trocam voluntariamente bens e serviços porque esperam estar em melhor situação após a troca. Quando as pessoas compram algo, valorizam-no mais…

In addition to prospecting for gold in Californiagold in CaliforniaThe California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the…